Narrator:

Picture the Gulf of Mexico – as seen from above - in space. It is one, united body of water with no physical boundaries that separate Texas, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi or Florida. Only the deep blue separates the United States from Mexico and Cuba.

That’s why the Gulf of Mexico Alliance works to improve the health of the Gulf as a Region – one, single, important ecosystem.

Initiated in 2005, by the five Gulf States Governors, the Gulf of Mexico Alliance partnership also includes 13 federal agencies, Mexico and a variety of business and not-for-profit organizations.

The Gulf of Mexico Alliance now operates under its 2009 Governors’ Action Plan, outlining benefits to the Region by enhancing the environmental and economic health of the Gulf.

One priority of the Alliance is to reduce the amount of nutrients that enter Gulf waters. While the Gulf benefits from a certain amount of nutrients, excessive nutrients can lead to algal blooms that harm marine life.

Narrator:

Gusty winds, pounding waves and severe weather often lead to a loss of sand and soil along Gulf of Mexico seashores. On average, Gulf shores lose about six feet per year to erosion - a serious problem for some Gulf communities.

How can we keep Gulf seashores from washing away?

Support living shorelines. Hardened shorelines, like sea walls and bulkheads, can contribute to coastal erosion and provide a very limited habitat. Living shorelines are a sustainable solution that uses a variety of plants to prevent sand and soil losses. They also provide habitat for birds, sea turtles and small mammals in addition to reducing wind and storm impacts. Living shorelines assist environmental restoration efforts and result in natural, stunning Gulf vistas inviting thousands of tourists to visit the Gulf coast each year.

Help prevent erosion and increase habitat and natural areas by supporting living shorelines projects. Or install a living shoreline near your home or community. Learn more about living shorelines and their benefits to Gulf communities at www dot noaa dot gov.

Narrator:

Enjoy the fresh, salty, Gulf of Mexico air and breathe easier knowing that, in 2005, the U.S. led the world by setting limits on mercury emissions from coal-burning power plants.

Mercury occurs naturally in the earth's crust, residing in rocks, like coal. So burning coal releases trapped mercury into the environment.

When this mercury finds its way into the Gulf, it often winds up in fish and other seafood. The average person has very low levels of mercury in their body, however eating too much of certain kinds of seafood can elevate mercury levels. Elevated mercury levels can cause health problems, especially among pregnant women and small children.

Federal agencies emphasize that Gulf seafood can support a healthy, balanced diet and encourages citizens to be informed about selecting seafood. You can learn more about seafood safety by contacting your state health department.

So, how do we reduce mercury in the atmosphere and protect Gulf seafood? (pause) Adjust your home thermostat, hang clothes outside to dry, and shorten your shower by just one minute. Energy saved means less fuel burned - and cleaner breezes around the Gulf of Mexico.

Narrator:

Saltwater in the global ocean, including the Gulf of Mexico, makes up 97 percent of the water on earth. That means only three percent of the earth’s water supply is freshwater. This small amount of water is in high demand to meet the needs of people, animals and ecosystems.

Did you know that sensitive ecosystems, such as gulf estuaries – places where rivers meet the ocean – need freshwater to maintain their balance, much like people, plants and animals need freshwater to drink and grow?

Even though water is such a valuable resource, U.S. households waste over 1 trillion gallons of fresh water each year from running toilets, dripping faucets and other common leaks.

Not sure if your toilet is leaking? You can easily test it. Place a drop of food coloring in the tank; if the color shows in the bowl without flushing, you have a leak. This kind of leak can waste up to 7,000 gallons a month!

Pay attention the next time you hear that drip, drip, drip. When you fix that leak, you’re saving water and supporting a healthy Gulf of Mexico.

Narrator:

What IS that, floating in the Gulf of Mexico? Is it…a plastic grocery bag?

If it is a plastic bag, it’s one of billions produced in the United States every year.

Most countries in the world use plastic bags, yet recycle a very small percentage. Plastic bags take years to break down and even then they only become tinier bits of plastic that contaminate soil and water.

Plastic bags often end up in the open environment – in places like the Gulf of Mexico – where they can harm sea turtles and birds. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association also reports finding plastic bags wrapped around coral reefs.

The average family uses 15 plastic bags per trip to the grocery store. Reduce your impact on your next trip to the store. When someone asks, “Paper or plastic?” You can say “Neither.”

If you are only purchasing one or two items, choose to go bag-less. You can also bring sturdy, reusable grocery bags when shopping. Store the bags in your car so you do not forget them. With this small change you are conserving energy and resources and supporting a healthy and clean Gulf of Mexico.

Narrator:

For the past century, the world’s seas have risen more than one inch every ten years, threatening Gulf of Mexico communities.

So why is there extra seawater? Seawater is rising due to the warming of Earth’s climate. A warmer climate contributes to the melting of frozen glaciers which releases water into the worldwide ocean, causing it to rise.

The problem is magnified because water expands when heated. Therefore, a warmer climate equals an expanded ocean that takes up more space.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that sea level will rise between 6 and 20 inches over the next 100 years.

Fortunately, Gulf communities can prepare for rising seas.

Local governments can strengthen building and zoning ordinances, including making decisions to elevate homes and buildings and to allow construction in places out of harm’s way.

Individuals can help by thinking ahead. If you are building a home or business, consider elevating it above current standards to protect its longevity. By taking steps today, you will contribute to a safer and more resilient Gulf Coast community in the future.

Narrator:

With all its activity – from fishing ports to ritzy hotels and casinos – it’s hard to imagine the Gulf of Mexico as an undiscovered and uncharted territory.

Even today, much of the Gulf remains an unexplored mystery. New, unusual findings are not that rare.

Consider the 1984 discovery of “chemosynthetic” communities, living with no access to sunlight. This type of ecosystem, including colorful crabs and large tubeworms, is found in deep, dark Gulf waters. Unlike plants, which use sunlight to produce energy, the Gulfs’ chemosynthetic organisms feed on methane gas leaks. They manage to survive two full miles beneath the surface.

Another interesting finding happened in 2009 when a giant squid nearly 20 feet in length and weighing over 100 pounds was discovered. This is only the second giant squid ever found in the Gulf. It begs the question, are there more?

It is difficult to say what other surprises the Gulf will unveil. All kinds of life in the Gulf depend on healthy, clean waters to live. You can help by reducing harmful runoff to Gulf waters and supporting new research. Be alert for more exciting news of unusual Gulf of Mexico discoveries.

Narrator:

At the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary the Gulf of Mexico comes alive. Located 100 miles from the coasts of Texas and Louisiana this environmental gem is just a boat ride away.

If you go, prepare for beauty. You’ll swim among manta rays, whale sharks and thousands of colorful fish – all wild and swimming free. At the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, the Gulf of Mexico comes alive. Located 100 miles from the coasts of Texas and Louisiana, this environmental gem is just a boat ride away.

As one of the country’s fourteen National Marine Sanctuaries, Flower Garden Banks is managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA. By enforcing regulations, educating visitors and working with the public, NOAA conserves, protects, and enhances these national underwater treasures.

All 56 square miles of the Flower Garden Banks sanctuary is open to the public. Several commercial boat operators charter dive trips and visitors on private boats are welcome. All are asked to respect sanctuary regulations to keep marine life safe.

Discovered and named by fishermen in the late 1800’s because of the bright sponges, plants, and other marine life they found - Flower Garden Banks continues to be a little known treasure in the Gulf of Mexico.

Narrator:

If marine life intrigues you, visiting one of the Gulf of Mexico’s Coastal Ecosystem Learning Centers is a perfect trip. Established in 1996, Coastal Ecosystem Learning Centers are supported by the Coastal America Partnership. This network of federal agencies, state and local governments, and other organizations works to restore and preserve coastal environments throughout the Nation.

Coastal Ecosystem Learning Centers educate and entertain people of all ages, with a wide range of interests. From stingray touch tanks in Texas, to wild dolphin-watching ecotours in Florida. A variety of adventures await you and your family.

Centers in the Gulf Region include:

• The Florida Aquarium
• Dauphin Island Sea Lab in Alabama
• J.L. Scott Marine Education Center in Mississippi
• Audubon Aquarium of the Americas in Louisiana
• Texas State Aquarium
• and Acuario (ah-coo-ah-re-o) de Veracruz in Mexico.

Coastal Ecosystem Learning Centers offer special access for their guests to professional and volunteer training programs, expert speakers, scientific data, and much more.

Plan a visit today and leave inspired to join efforts to protect the Gulf’s coastal and ocean ecosystems. Learn more at www.coastalamerica.gov.

Narrator:

How about some organic veggies with that Gulf of Mexico catch-of-the-day?

Around the Gulf, and around the nation, a growing number of restaurants and grocery stores are offering organic options- and people are buying.

It’s hard to resist those crispy carrots and juicy red tomatoes – all free of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Organic farming uses less chemical fertilizers on the land. This - and other conservation practices - are better for the Gulf because they are designed to limit pollution and runoff. This helps reduce polluted runoff into streams, rivers, and the Gulf of Mexico.

Since nearly half of the United States, including farmland, drains into the Gulf, polluted runoff adds up. Organic farming can make a difference. Renowned conservationist John Muir once said, “When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world.”

That is most certainly the case with the Gulf. Even small steps to reduce chemical fertilizer use can add up to a cleaner, healthier environment.

Buy organic and enjoy a healthier Gulf.

Narrator:

Thinking of running a marathon? Get motivated by nature.

Throughout the year, Gulf of Mexico waters come alive during migration seasons when creatures from whales to sea turtles travel hundreds, or even thousands of miles in search of special areas to feed and reproduce.

In a truly athletic feat, most Kemp’s ridley sea turtles journey from nesting areas in the state of Tamaulipas (tah-mah-ooh-LEE-pahs), Mexico to places to eat as far away as the Yucatán Peninsula and Florida.

If you think that is tough, the 600 mile flight of the tiny Ruby throated hummingbird will astound you. Each year, these birds cross more than 600 miles of Gulf waters in a 24 hour marathon between the Yucatán Peninsula and the U.S. Gulf Coast.

Like human athletes, migratory species need food after reaching their destinations.  Both the feeding and breeding sites need to have healthy, clean habitats – free of pollutants to make their journey a success.

You can support these long migratory journeys, by keeping Gulf waters clean. Pick up trash, recycle and properly dispose of household chemicals.

The next time you are struggling to get active, look toward the Gulf and be inspired by nature’s athletes.

Narrator:

Whale sharks, one of Earth’s largest creatures, calls the Gulf of Mexico home. These ocean giants can weigh up to 40,000 pounds and reach 50 feet in length. Despite a diet of tiny microscopic plant-like organisms called plankton, the whale shark is the world’s largest fish.

First discovered near South Africa in 1828, these giants inhabit most of the earth’s warmer seas. The whale shark’s distinctive light-yellow markings include random stripes and dots on its thick, dark gray skin. Whale sharks often migrate hundreds of miles and can dive thousands of feet beneath the ocean’s surface.

U.S. regulations protect whale sharks from commercial fishing, landing or sale. Because much about whale sharks remains unknown, scientists regularly tag them with a variety of tracking devices. By following the movements of these animals, researchers can learn valuable information that helps to protect this species.

If you’re lucky enough to see a whale shark, keep your distance and help out researchers by reporting its location to a local wildlife agency.

Narrator:

On a windy day along the Gulf of Mexico seashore, swimmers and boaters may find themselves fighting a current. Winds create surface currents on the Gulf and other oceanic waters.

However, wind is not the only way currents are generated. Lesser-known are the currents that are part of the “global ocean conveyor belt.” A large scale set of currents connected around the globe, their movement is driven by differences in water salinity, density and temperature.

The global ocean conveyor belt plays a crucial role in determining the Earth's climate because it redistributes hot and cold water which warms or cools nearby land masses.  In part, this explains why Manitoba, Canada is 20 degrees warmer than Norway, even though they are at the same latitude.

The global ocean conveyor belt is an important feature of the Earth’s ocean and takes nearly 1,000 years for it to complete one worldwide “cycle.”

The next time you struggle with a wind drive current on the Gulf – remember that you are connected to the entire world ocean by the deep water currents in the global ocean conveyor belt.

Narrator:

Spanning more than 4,000 miles, from the Florida Keys to Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, the Gulf of Mexico coastline contains a diverse array of habitats.

Ranging from sandy beaches, to rolling dunes, and even upland areas, the Gulf’s coastal habitats help to buffer gusty offshore winds and pounding waves.  While these habitats remain very distinct, together they form the diverse and fragile Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem.

That’s why the Gulf of Mexico Alliance uses a regional management approach to improve the ecologic and economic health of the Gulf.  They focus on the Gulf as a single ecosystem dependent on each area equally, regardless of state or national boundaries.

Initiated in 2005 by the five Gulf State Governors, the Gulf of Mexico Alliance partnership also includes 13 federal agencies, Mexico and a variety of business and not-for-profit organizations.

Under the 2009 Governors’ Action Plan, the Alliance works to collect and disseminate research data. Current efforts to establish centralized information systems will allow scientists to share and access data and make better informed management decisions.

Narrator:

Every year, the coast of Mexico's Holbox Island comes alive with huge groups, or “fevers,” of thousands of migrating cownose stingrays. Following the Gulf of Mexico’s clockwise current, from Mexico's Yucatan peninsula to the west coast of Florida, cownose stingrays migrate two times every year.

Ranging from brown to olive in color, cownose stingrays grow to about two and a half feet across. When swimming, the stingray’s wings sometimes stick out of the water, resembling a shark's dorsal fin, startling many swimmers.

The exact population of cownose stingrays remains unknown, but these rays reproduce slowly, making it hard for them to recover from threats like overfishing.

While stingrays are not aggressive, they are known for their razor-sharp spine attached to their tails. Stingrays tend to avoid conflict and attack only when cornered or threatened.

Cownose stingrays are often on the move and rarely rest on the ocean’s floor. But swimmers should be aware that shuffling your feet when entering the Gulf can help prevent stepping on a resting stingray.

Remember the cownose stingray the next time you visit the Gulf and practice the “stingray shuffle” to share the seashore.

Narrator:

A sip of Gulf of Mexico waters reveal they’re not fit for drinking.  But saltier still is the Laguna Madre in the western Gulf.  It’s one of only five hyper-saline lagoons on earth. It’s shallow depth, tropical climate, and rapid evaporation result in the lagoon’s extremely salty waters.

Rimming the Laguna Madre is the world’s longest barrier island chain, incorporating about 600 square miles of coastal marine ecosystems.  These islands stretch from Corpus Christi, Texas to the Soto la Marina River Mouth in Tamaulipas (tah-mah-ooh-LEE-pahs) Mexico.

The Laguna Madre is home to North America’s only oysters that are adapted to high salinity conditions. It also contains nearly 80 percent of all the seagrass beds in Texas. The lagoon serves as an important breeding area for migratory birds and endangered Kemps Ridley sea turtles. Because of the abundance of speckled trout and redfish, the Laguna Madre has become a popular vacation destination for fly-fishing enthusiasts and other anglers.

So take a trip to the Laguna Madre and visit the saltiest waters in the Gulf of Mexico.  If you go, be respectful of the unique marine life found in this unusual Gulf treasure.

Narrator:
What convenient kitchen item can be traced back to Gulf of Mexico waters? It’s the sea sponge! – One of nature’s gifts that flourishes in Florida’s Gulf coast waters.

Worldwide, about 5,000 species of sponges exist. But only a few contain the protein-like substance called spongin fiber, which makes them durable, water absorbent and handy in the kitchen. That’s why it’s common to find synthetic, machine-made sponges lining grocery store shelves.

Wild sponge harvesting originated off the coast of Greece and became popular in Key West, Florida during the early 19th century.

Florida’s economically important sponge species include the softest and most durable Sheepswool sponge, the yellow sponge, and the grass sponge. In total, about 65,000 pounds of sponges are harvested from Florida’s Gulf waters each year.

If harvested properly, sponges can regenerate – or grow back lost parts that may be collected year after year.  That’s why sponge divers cut, rather than tear the sponges to avoid permanent damage. Legally, only larger sponges measuring over 5 inches across may be harvested at all.  So please, dive and snorkel responsibly, and admire, but don’t touch these valuable Gulf of Mexico sponges!

Narrator:
For many coastal foodies, nothing compares to an oyster on the half shell, plucked fresh from Gulf of Mexico waters.  

The Eastern oyster – the mainstay of the Gulf’s oyster industry – is the species most often sought by hungry diners.  

Oysters are known as “bivalves” because of the two shells surrounding their soft body. Eastern oysters range in size from 2 to14 inches long and often grow together as “oyster reefs.”

Oyster reefs provide a variety of benefits to coastal environments. They can filter thousands of gallons of seawater per day, removing harmful substances and algae.  A variety of marine life depends upon oyster reefs for habitat, including economically important fin fish.  Oyster reef structures also buffer coastal communities from storm surges, by forming miles of natural breakwaters.

About 85 percent of the world’s oyster reefs have been lost to overharvesting and declining water quality. They are considered one of Earth’s most impacted marine habitats.

Fortunately, oyster reefs in the Gulf of Mexico remain in fair condition and you can help keep them that way.  Volunteer for an oyster reef restoration project and do your part to keep Gulf of Mexico waters clean.

Narrator:
Just hearing “Gulf of Mexico” conjures images of beautiful beaches and fresh seafood...

And rightly so – Gulf beaches attract millions of visitors. Plus Gulf waters yield more finfish, shrimp, and shellfish than the Atlantic, Chesapeake, and New England fisheries combined! With so much at stake, a partnership program called the Gulf of Mexico Alliance formed in 2004 to improve the condition of water in the Gulf.

The Gulf of Mexico Alliance is endorsed by the five Gulf State Governors and includes - 13 federal agencies – Mexico - and a variety of business and not-for-profit organizations.

Now operating under its 2009 Governors’ Action Plan, the Alliance pledges to enhance the environmental and economic health of the Gulf Region.

Addressing water quality – to ensure healthy beaches and seafood - is just one Alliance priority. Across the Gulf, Alliance partners collaborate to understand water quality issues including mercury in seafood and harmful algal blooms. Information gathered will be used to help communities prepare for and safely react to water quality challenges.

Narrator:
As gateways to the country, a rich history surrounds many Gulf of Mexico seaports. From transporting people, to promoting commerce, Gulf seaports play an important role in the Region, and around the world.

For many years, Gulf seaports provided immigrants a first glimpse of their new country. The port of Galveston, Texas has been called “the Ellis Island of the West” after welcoming over 130,000 newcomers to the U.S.

The Gulf holds two of the world’s busiest ports - the Port of South Louisiana and the Port of Houston, Texas. Combined, they provide thousands of jobs and generate billions of dollars in revenue for the region.

The three ports of South Louisiana, New Orleans, and Baton Rouge are responsible for exporting more than half of all corn, soy, and wheat produced in the U.S. The South Louisiana seaport handles millions of tons of cargo every year as the largest port by tonnage in the entire western hemisphere.

Take the time to learn about Gulf of Mexico seaports and their contributions to the regional economy. Go for a visit, explore their history, and appreciate their connections to the rest of the world..

Narrator:
Coconut shrimp, smoked mullet, and grilled scallops…live music on the Gulf of Mexico…and fishing tournaments, too? It must be a Gulf of Mexico Seafood Festival!

For visitors and residents seeking fresh-from-the-Gulf seafood and a rollicking good time, seafood festivals provide entertainment and show-off the rich bounty of Gulf waters. Many seafood festival dishes reflect the heritage and culture of local Gulf communities, like shrimp creole and southern style crab cakes. Arts, crafts, and even marathon races often add to the event.

Besides all the fun (!) these celebrations support the Gulf’s thriving 9 billion dollar – per – year tourism industry. The annual Pensacola Seafood Festival in Northern Florida is rated one of the Region’s top 20 events by the Southeast Tourism Society.

In Gulf Shores, Alabama, the Annual National Shrimp Festival draws over 300,000 people each year. With two stages featuring numerous bands who could resist this weekend of fun and fresh seafood?

So seek out a seafood festival near you and thank the Gulf of Mexico for providing a beautiful backdrop and much of the food. Keep Gulf waters clean – have a good time -and enjoy the bounty of the sea!

Narrator:
Coastal residents cherish the Gulf of Mexico for many reasons – from its beautiful beaches to tasty seafood and exciting offshore adventures. But there’s another reason to thank the Gulf. As part of the world’s ocean, Gulf waters absorb a vast amount of the carbon released daily by automobiles and various industries.

By absorbing carbon emissions, the Gulf helps slow climate change which is partially caused by excess carbon and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The world’s ocean absorbs about 30 percent of all global carbon emissions. This is about 33 million tons per year!

When carbon dioxide mixes with seawater it forms a harmful substance called carbonic acid. This “ocean acidification” makes it difficult for new corals to grow and also wears away at existing reef ecosystems. Coral reefs around the world are showing the effects of ocean acidification, leading some scientists to theorize that the ocean may be at its carbon saturation limit.

Fortunately, Gulf of Mexico supporters can protect their corner of the ocean by reducing personal carbon emissions. Minimize your drive time, turn off your lights and adjust your thermostat for a healthy and productive Gulf.

Narrator:
The Gulf of Mexico Region’s mild temperatures, long growing season and life sustaining waters make it an easy place to buy locally grown and harvested food. Gulf residents that seek out locally sourced products also help protect the environment and the Gulf’s life sustaining waters.

On average, a vegetable in the U.S. travels 1,500 miles before reaching a dinner plate! Transporting products locally requires less gasoline and saves money and time. It also decreases the burning of fossil fuels – reducing overall carbon emissions and the amount of leaky motor oil that may enter and harm the Gulf of Mexico.

Purchasing locally sourced foods also promotes strong Gulf economies. Consumers that buy directly from local merchants support important livelihoods and job stability.

About 90 percent of the U.S.’s 2 million farms are small or family owned. From greens and melons, to citrus and seafood, many local – and delightful - opportunities await Gulf residents.

Support the Gulf and the local economy while saving energy and reducing pollution. Buy locally grown and harvested foods - and make a wise choice for yourself and the Gulf of Mexico.

Narrator:
Nothing beats a sunny day on the Gulf of Mexico – especially one involving a hunt for scallops.

Nature lovers, shell collectors and foodies alike appreciate this unique creature’s fluted, fan shaped shell and delicious flavor.

In the southeastern U.S., two kinds of scallops - bay and calico - are found scattered in the Gulf’s warm waters. Known for their sweet meat, the bay scallop measures about 4 inches across, growing slightly larger than the mottled calico scallop.

Like clams and oysters, the scallop is a bi-valve with two shells protecting its soft inner body. However, the scallop is a mobile creature that flees from danger with multiple snaps of its shell. If snorkeling for scallops interests you, be forewarned that 20 pairs of baby blue eyes will track your every move.

Recreational live scalloping is allowed but regulated in some Gulf States. Few scallops inhabit the waters of the northwestern Gulf but the west coast of Florida offers better chances for a good catch.

Whether looking for dinner or gathering shells on the beach, appreciate the splendid scallop – a unique example of the Gulf of Mexico’s rich variety of marine life.

Narrator:
From migrating whales to sunken ships, Gulf of Mexico treasures have inspired many coastal residents to protect their local waterways.

The Gulf of Mexico spans about 1,000 miles from east to west, encompassing a vast area of water that is shared by several U.S. states and three countries. But increasing pollution and other pressures on the Gulf are compromising its health.

To address these impacts, the Gulf of Mexico Alliance was initiated in 2004 by the five Gulf State Governors. Together, they pledged to protect and enhance the environmental and economic health of the whole Gulf Region.

Now operating under its 2009 Governors’ Action Plan, the Alliance includes – five Gulf States - 13 federal agencies – Mexico - and a variety of business and not-for-profit organizations.

Environmental Education is one of six Alliance priorities. Highlighting the importance of Gulf ecosystems and coastally dependent livelihoods increases public awareness –and appreciation - of the Gulf’s many values.

Through education and outreach, the Alliance works to inspire interest and encourage community action. A unified effort by all Gulf residents, both young and old, is needed to protect and restore this important region.

Narrator:
Shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico’s swirling waters hold evidence of many an ill fated voyage. From four hundred year old wooden Spanish hulls to worn iron weaponry, the Gulf’s underwater mysteries were often left by unlucky sailors.

In Matagorda Bay, Texas lies the sunken French ship Belle in only 12 feet of water. Distinguished by a cannon adorned with the crest of Louis the Fourteenth, the Belle never completed its journey to the Mississippi River.

In total, over 400 ships were lost in offshore, federal waters from 1625 to 1951. These include more than 50 oil tankers sank by German submarines during WWII. Because of this war time activity, the Gulf contains one of the greatest concentrations of Allied vessels lost to German U-boats worldwide. This makes the Gulf one of the world’s most well known underwater battlefields.

Gulf shipwrecks provide us with a glimpse of preserved history and make for interesting scuba diving and great stories. Enjoy the Gulf’s historic treasures, but never gather artifacts when visiting historical sites. You can learn more about Gulf shipwrecks at www.mms.gov.

Narrator:
If you live by the Gulf of Mexico, you may be familiar with its tides.

Tides are the alternating rise and fall of the sea in relation to land. All tides result from the gravitational pull of the sun and moon on the world’s ocean. But the response of the ocean is not the same everywhere because land masses obstruct the flow of ocean water. These conditions cause tides around the world to vary in both height and frequency.

Most coastal areas experience a semi-diurnal tide –which is two high tides and two low tides every day. The Gulf of Mexico is one of the few places with a diurnal tide - having only one high and one low tide every 24 hours.

Most locations around the Gulf experience low tide at almost the same time. In places from Biloxi, Mississippi to Tampico, Mexico high tides are also simultaneous.

The height of tides, however, is also affected by the shape of the coast, water depth, seafloor terrain and wind. Because of these variations, it’s important to use local tide charts for navigation. These can be found at - tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov.

Narrator:
The Gulf of Mexico offers a promise of healing. Besides a sunny place to relax and ease stress, “bio-prospecting” in the Gulf may provide treatments for chronic pain, asthma, and breast cancer. That’s why scientists are gathering creatures like algae, soft coral and sea sponges from the ocean, including Gulf oil platforms.

Over 20,000 new compounds have been extracted from marine creatures. Specimens are typically ground up and dissolved. Their extracts are tested for the ability to kill bacteria, react with nerve cells, or attack cancer cells.

Called “Marine bio-prospecting” it became popular with the development of scuba technology in 1943. By the 1970s, the U.S. National Cancer Institute and other organizations had begun funding marine expeditions around the world. Thousands of specimens have been screened, and about 1,000 new organisms arrive from the field each year.

It takes a thriving Gulf ecosystem – and clean waters – to sustain important ocean life. Support the search for marine cures - protect Gulf waters by disposing of toxins – such as paint and old pharmaceuticals - properly.

Narrator:
Pleasantly speaking, Gulf of Mexico residents might call a Polka-Dot Batfish “unique.”

Spotted and unusual looking creatures, polka-dot batfish live along Florida’s Gulf Coast, parts of the northern Gulf, and the Yucatan Peninsula.

Polka-Dot Batfish live on the Gulf’s seafloor and travel in a walking motion, using two sets of fins to propel themselves. They eat worms, crustaceans and small fish by luring them with a horn like pole, called a rostrum, which protrudes like a lure from their foreheads. When unsuspecting prey comes in close to take a look, the batfish sucks the unlucky creature into its mouth through protruding pink lips.

Instead of typical fish scales, the batfish has bony, wart-like “tubercles” covering most of its body and making it uncomfortable to touch. While batfish typically occupy shallow waters and coral reefs, they have been found in waters up to 230 feet deep.

Upon sensing danger, Batfish cover themselves with sand or freeze in position. They are easily caught and not harmful to humans. So if you see a Batfish, enjoy a look - and feel lucky to have come across such an intriguing and unusual Gulf of Mexico creature.

Narrator:

Can you imagine one of the largest Gulf of Mexico animals filling its belly by eating the tiniest of creatures?

It seems to work for the Bryde’s Whale – the Gulf’s only baleen whale - which consumes an astounding 1,400 pounds of food per day! The Bryde’s Whale dines on microscopic plankton, shrimp, and small fish sucked in through two parallel rows of baleen plates.

Baleen is a finger-nail like substance that hangs like teeth in the whale’s mouth. The frayed edges on the baleen plates sift tiny animals from Gulf waters caught during dives reaching 1,000 feet deep.

These whales are grey and white and grow 40-55 feet in length and weigh up to 90,000 pounds. They are named for Johan Bryde, a Norwegian who built the first whaling stations in South Africa.

Bryde’s whales inhabit warm temperate seas around the world, but fewer than 40 live in the northern Gulf of Mexico. This makes them a rarely seen and special resident - so keep a respectful distance and share the seas with the sleek Bryde’s Whales.

Narrator:

The Gulf of Mexico supports both vibrant marine life and a productive economy. Many companies, like those in the shrimp industry, depend on healthy Gulf waters to sustain their product. That means it is essential to balance the Gulf’s environmental health with the economic needs of humans.

Shrimp are commercially caught by dragging meshed trawl nets along the ocean floor. But traditional trawl nets sweep up everything in their wake, sometimes causing sea turtles to drown. Thankfully, a fisherman named Sinkey Boone invented turtle… excluder… devices, or “teds”, in the 1970’s. A "Turtle Excluder Device" is a grid of bars attached to the open end of a trawl net. When larger marine life, like sea turtles, hit the grid bars, they’re deflected from the net’s opening and avoid entanglement. Smaller animals, like shrimp, move past the bars and are captured.

Since 1987 TEDS have been required by law on all U.S. shrimp boats. The shrimp industry and the federal government continue to improve their effectiveness.

By working together, thriving industry and a healthy environment can go hand-in-hand… supporting a sustainable Gulf Region.

Narrator:

Start your engines and drop your lines. Another sparkling, iridescent mahi-mahi fish is pulled from Gulf of Mexico waters.

From commercial fishermen to recreational anglers, many rely upon the health of Gulf seafood populations to make their living. So sustaining healthy fish populations is key to the economic well being of the entire Gulf Region.

That’s why the federal government created eight Regional Fishery Management Councils in 1976. Like other Councils, the Gulf of Mexico Fisheries Management Council oversees Gulf waters from three to 200 miles offshore. The Gulf States manage the near-shore waters.

The Gulf Council meets five times each year to develop fishery management plans. They specify when, where, and how much fish and other seafood is allowed to be harvested. Management plans are then approved by the federal government’s National Marine Fisheries Service.

Voting members of the Gulf Council include federal government staff, Gulf state scientists, and diverse representatives of fishing-related industries.

Your opinion is welcome, so get involved with the fisheries management process. For more information visit www.gulfcouncil.org .

Narrator:

Healthy ocean systems, like the Gulf of Mexico, need nutrients and oxygen rich water to sustain life. Too many nutrients entering the water depletes oxygen and can cause marine life to die or move to other locations.

Nutrients act like vitamins for the sea.

Tina Gwaltney, research coordinator at the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Southwest Florida, explains the need for balance.

Tina Gwaltney:

"But the tricky thing is you can’t take a whole bottle of vitamins in the morning. That’s going to be toxic to you. So everything has a proper amount for a certain balance within the system where it’s found."

Narrator:

The Gulf of Mexico has a low-oxygen area, called the dead zone, found off the coasts of Louisiana and Texas. This seasonal low-oxygen area is caused by excess nutrients from local rivers. You can help minimize nutrient inputs to your local waterway by using caution when applying fertilizers which act like vitamins for your yard. Follow the label carefully and avoid over use to prevent excess nutrients from harming the Gulf of Mexico.

Narrator:

Citizen scientists volunteer their time to help conduct important research. Along the Gulf of Mexico, these volunteers make up a critical workforce, plus they gain skills for a future career and have fun in the outdoors.

One such effort in Southwest Florida includes the excitement of working with sharks. Pat O’Donnell, a fisheries biologist with the Rookery Bay Reserve, relies on help from volunteers to study juvenile sharks in the estuaries. These citizen scientists work with O’Donnell to better understand how top predators in the ocean are affected by freshwater inputs. Sharks captured in this project are tagged and released, providing information on which water quality conditions best meet their needs. Basic shark data, together with corresponding water quality information, can serve as an evaluation tool for local restoration projects with potential for world-wide application.

Pat O'Donnell:

"Without volunteers I would not have a project - they’re extremely important and not only do we get the help of them conducting some of the field work for us, they get educated on what’s out there."

Narrator:

Look into becoming a citizen scientist by contacting a local government or non-profit organization in your area.

Narrator:

The tourism industry employs nearly one million Florida residents. Over 82 million visitors made Florida their travel destination last year alone, largely to partake in natural resource based recreation.

Keith Lakkonnen, Resource Management coordinator at the Rookery Bay Reserve in southwest Florida explains the value of protecting our waterways.

Keith Lakonnen:

"The value of having protected areas for eco-tourism, for commercial fishing, for recreational fishing is huge for the economy."

Narrator:

People visit Florida to enjoy the sandy beaches and fresh seafood that largely define the Sunshine state. Clean and healthy natural ecosystems equal a healthy bottom line for Florida’s economy. Residents and tourists alike must learn to maintain shared resources while enjoying the outdoors.

You can do your part: properly dispose of all trash, recycle fishing line and protect wildlife. Observe slow boating speed zones and avoid dragging your boat propeller through sensitive seagrass beds. Obey signs indicating closed beach areas for nesting shorebirds and please share the shore with wildlife.

Narrator:

Mangrove forests in the Gulf of Mexico protect communities from storms by minimizing winds, waves, and storm surge. Because of their architecture and prop root system, healthy mangroves absorb storm energy and can actually protect coastal homes from damage.

In addition to providing a first line of defense, mangroves provide food and shelter for many other plants and animals. Keith Lakkonnen, Resource Manager at the Rookery Bay Reserve in Naples, Florida, explains that the leaf matter, or detritus, from a mangrove forest, drives the entire ecosystem.

Keith Lakonnen:

"It’s a detritory driven system, and the plant life and other animals and birds and everything, invertebrates actually depend on those plants dropping those leaves and actually functioning as a natural ecosystem."

Narrator:

Mangroves are protected by law in Florida. Removing mangroves from your property requires a permit from the state. Trimming is best done by a certified arborist.

You can help by following legal guidelines for mangrove management in residential areas and by planting mangrove seedlings. Protecting mangroves means protecting your home, your community, and your environment.

Narrator:

The strong, gusty winds and heavy rains that accompany a tropical storm can easily carry away trash and other large items. These items can cause injury, damage property, and injure wildlife. Trash can become a harmful pollutant in our waters.

Be prepared for tropical storm season this year. Earth Gauge, an environmental information service, advises residents to take specific steps when a tropical storm approaches. Bring lightweight items inside, such as trash cans, toys, garden tools, and lawn furniture. Boats should be securely tied or moved to a safe area. Dispose of hazardous materials properly before a storm arrives. Make sure your roof and your yard are free of any debris, including dead vines and branches. Have a plan for your family and for your pets.

Although smaller than hurricanes, tropical storm winds can reach 74 miles per hour and are often associated with widespread damage and flooding. Be advised of watches and warnings, which alert coastal residents of an approaching storm.

Plan ahead, and keep items from blowing or washing away!

Narrator:

Accidental wildfires can have devastating effects on nearby homes and businesses. But with a few tips and some common sense, you can prevent wildfires.

Gerry LaCavera:

"Believe it or not, over 75% of the wild fires that we have in the southern Florida area are caused by people. About 20% are caused intentionally, and the others are caused simply by carelessness."

Narrator:

Gerry LaCavera, wildfire specialist with the Florida Division of Forestry, explains what people can do to prevent wildfires:

Gerry LaCavera:

"They need to think about the consequences of their actions. If they’re going to park along the side of the road they need to think, how hot is my catalytic converter and what am I parking on top of... how dry is the vegetation I’m going into? Are sparks going to come off the engine, are sparks going to come off the muffler?"

Narrator:

Use special caution to prevent wildfires during the dry winter months in Florida. Sparks from outdoor grills, cigarettes, and lawn equipment can also cause problems. Keep an eye on these heat sources and observe bans on outdoor grilling or campfires when they occur by checking your local government website.

Narrator:

Least terns, black skimmers and other shorebirds fly thousands of miles to Gulf of Mexico beaches to raise their chicks. As a critical part of the Gulf coast ecosystem, and the multi-million dollar bird watching industry, shorebirds need your help.

Least terns and others lay their eggs directly on the beach in depressions, or "scrapes." Visitors often step on the eggs because of their small size and color that matches the sand. Once hatched, the tiny chicks need their parents’ protection from predators and from the blazing summer sun. Adult birds cannot protect their chicks if chased off of their nests.

Also, shorebirds need their energy for finding food. If you get too close, you will force the birds to fly off their nests, which requires lots of energy during a critical period. These birds need to bring enough food back for themselves and their chicks, and also prepare for migration.

To do your part, appreciate shorebirds from a distance. Help them conserve their energy by not forcing them to fly. This includes keeping your dogs or other pets away from resting birds. Also, avoid posted or closed areas. Please share the shore!

Narrator:

Hot weather means that many people are cranking up the air conditioning to stay cool! Home energy use is often on the rise during summer months, but there are simple steps you can take at home to reduce your energy bill!

Air conditioning accounts for more than half of a typical Florida home’s energy. With warmer weather on the horizon, now is the time to make sure your air conditioning system is in good condition. A properly functioning system uses less energy and runs more efficiently, adding up to less air pollution from energy production, and more savings on your energy bill!

The environmental information service Earth Gauge advises to check your air conditioner filters regularly, and clean or replace them if needed. Also, make sure that indoor and outdoor coils are clean - dirty indoor coils are the most common cause of a poorly functioning air conditioner. If you’re not sure how to check your system, ask a professional.

Keep unwanted heat out of your home by keeping it closed up during the day. Put off any heat-producing activities (such as running the dishwasher or dryer) until the evening.

Narrator:

Some newcomers to the Sunshine state are more welcome than others. Over time, invasive species arrive - swimming, hitch hiking, or floating on the breeze. Invasive exotics are plants or animals that are not native and flourish without the natural population checks and balances of their home land. They thrive in our warm, mild climate and frequently crowd out local native species. This upsets the natural ecosystem and can also impact farming, fishing and recreation.

Florida has one of the most severe exotic pest plant problems in the country. Invasive plants now common in Florida include Brazilian pepper, Melaleuca and Australian pine. About 45% of Florida’s invading plants arrived originally as imports for ornamental landscaping. Most of these attractive, but unruly, plants still dominate landscapes today.

Local, state and federal governments invest significant amounts of time and money to control invasive exotic species. Identify any existing exotic plants on your property and invest the time and the money to remove these plants. Your local wildlife will thank you!

Narrator:

Some bird populations along the Gulf of Mexico Coast are declining. The National Audubon Society recently looked at 40 years of data and found that many of the United States’ common bird populations are threatened. Some birds, such as the northern bobwhite quail have experienced an 82 percent decline in their population over the past 40 years. Northern bobwhites are robin-sized birds that live in the Gulf of Mexico region. Like most species, they rely on a special kind of habitat to survive. Bobwhites, like Meadowlarks and Grasshopper Sparrows, depend on native grasslands and shrubs for food and nesting.

Native grasslands are threatened along the gulf coast by development. In fact, researchers estimate that each year, more than two million acres of land are used across the United States for new residential areas. The environmental information service, Earth Gauge, suggests minimizing the loss of native habitats by creating "welcoming areas" in your own backyard. Consider adding native shrubs, trees and grasses to your yard. By making simple landscape choices, you can create a backyard habitat that will welcome feathered-friends.

Narrator:

Thousands of pounds of trash wash into the Gulf of Mexico each year from litter dropped from boats or left on beaches. Marine debris negatively impacts wildlife such as turtles and birds that think it is food, eat it, and die as a result. Broken glass causes injuries, and dirty beaches can cause financial losses to tourism-based businesses.

Tina Gwaltney, Research Coordinator at the Rookery Bay Reserve in Southwest Florida, educates citizens about the importance of developing an environmental ethic.

Tina Gwaltney:

"there needs to be a sense of stewardship when you go or it’s not going to be a nice beach next year when you come back."

Narrator:

Healthy coastal economies rely on clean beaches and waterways. Recycling monofilament fishing line, picking up broken beach chairs, and encouraging others to do the same is also critical to coastal wildlife.

Tina Gwaltney:

"I think at this point, you know, everyone needs to step up. It doesn’t matter if you put the trash there, it would be nice if you picked it up. Take a bag every time you go somewhere, pick up what you see and be a role model in that regard."

Narrator:

Did you know that nearly 15 tons of pet waste ends up in the ocean every day? In many communities, storm drains transport excess rain water - and any pollutants it picks up along the way - directly to local rivers, streams, and eventually the ocean, untreated.

Tina Gwaltney at the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve explains how pet waste adds excess fertilizers to your yard, and eventually to our waterways.

Tina Gwaltney:

"If you have a dog, who goes out in the yard, you’ll have little round patches of really nice green grass in your yard."

"So, all of the waste that we flush into the system ... then those nutrients come out full blast, full concentration, full load and that’s when we see the major impacts."

Narrator:

According to the environmental information service Earth Gauge, the average dog produces three-quarters of a pound of waste per day! You can help prevent water pollution by picking up after your pet and disposing of waste in the trash can. This will prevent waste from washing into storm drains and local waters during the next rain, where it can make humans and wildlife sick.

Narrator:

Gulf coast residents need to be prepared for wildfire. Gerry LaCavera, Wildfire Specialist with the Florida Division of Forestry, explains how development trends are pushing people into wild areas, where fire is a natural part of the ecosystem.

Gerry LaCavera:

"Currently we have over 700 people a day moving into Florida. And a great number of those people are putting their homes near wildland areas. It's an area we call a ‘wildland urban interface’- the area where the ‘eves meet the leaves."

Narrator:

LaCavera offers these suggestions for protecting homes from wildfire. Keep combustible materials off of your roof. Make sure any burnable debris, such as leaves, twigs, palm fronds, and pine needles, is cleared from your roof on a regular basis.

In addition to keeping the roof clean, LaCavera says residents must have clean gutters, roofs and soffets made of non-flammable materials, and a green and well-hydrated landscape. Lawns should be free of debris, including dead grass, vines, and branches.

Living in coastal scrub habitat comes with extra responsibility. Plan ahead to protect your home from fire and other natural events.

Narrator:

Judy Haner of the South Florida Water Management District describes the need for water conservation in our landscaped areas. Balancing the water needs of people and the needs of natural systems is an important part of her job. Haner describes water in the Gulf region as a hot commodity.

Judy Haner:

"...It’s not that we will never have water, it’s how much are we willing to pay for it."

Narrator:

Currently, more than half of the highest-quality water used in Florida goes directly onto the ground for irrigation. Most of Florida’s drinking water comes from underground aquifers, which are supplied only with rainwater. Conserving this potable, or highest-quality drinking water, is extremely important. Restrictions now force Gulf residents to hold back on watering lawns, especially during the hottest times of the day.

Haner emphasizes the importance of several water conserving tips for your landscape, such as planting drought-resistant, native plants, using a rain gauge, and collecting rainwater onsite.

Judy Haner:

"Really what we need to do is have a conservation ethic so that whether it’s raining right now or in our back yard, we’re really doing these measures year round."

Narrator:

Oil and natural gas prices are at record highs. Abnormally dry or drought conditions are affecting nearly half the country, meaning that many people have energy and water conservation in mind. While often overlooked, recycling common household materials can have a big impact on energy and water use. Recycling also means that less land is needed in the Gulf region to store our garbage.

Toss your household items into your recycling bin for big environmental benefits: According to Earth Gauge, an environmental information service:

• Recycling one ton of paper saves 7,000 gallons of water, 17 trees, 3 cubic yards of landfill space, and enough energy to power an average home for five months.
• Recycling just one aluminum can saves the amount of energy needed to power a computer for three hours, or run a 100-watt lightbulb for 20 hours.
• 95 percent less energy is used to make a plastic item from recycled materials than new materials.

Recycle today! Lower your communities' energy and water use.

Narrator:

In many Gulf Coast cities, summertime temperatures can be up to 10 degrees warmer than surrounding natural areas, creating "urban heat islands." The structure of cities plays a major role in the development of heat islands - dark pavement and buildings absorb and trap heat, narrow streets with tall buildings can trap heat and reduce wind flow, and reduced tree cover results in less shading and natural cooling. As a matter of fact, increasing temperatures in cities over the past several decades means that between three- to eight-percent of energy is used to compensate for the heat island effect.

Earth Gauge, an environmental information service, advises to stay cool and save energy by keeping your home closed up during the day and putting off any heat-producing activities (such as running the dishwasher or dryer) until the cooler evening hours. If you don’t have a fan or air conditioner, try to get to a mall, library, or other community building to cool off. And, lend a hand - if you have an older or disabled relative, friend, or neighbor, check-in with them to make sure they are safely coping with the heat.

Narrator:

Sea grasses are vital to the health of the Gulf of Mexico. Did you know that approximately 50 percent of inland and coastal wetlands and up to 80 percent of sea grasses in some areas of the Gulf have been lost? Wetlands and sea grasses are home to a diverse array of marine species, and the loss of these important areas can lead to a decrease in overall biodiversity.

Although sea grasses can be damaged by natural disturbances such as hurricanes, one of the biggest threats to seagrass survival is human disturbance.

Avoid running your boat motor in areas where sea grass beds are present. According to Earth Gauge, an environmental information service, when seagrasses are damaged by boat propellers, they can take years to recover! Keep an eye out for sea grasses by looking for areas of water that appear brown. Wearing polarized sunglasses will help you to see these areas. Using an accurate chart and referring to tide tables will help you stay in deeper channels. Avoid sensitive areas to protect sea grass beds and your boat equipment. By protecting seagrasses, you are doing your part to protect the Gulf of Mexico.

Narrator:

Do you have a favorite natural place to walk, bike or fish? Unless protected by law, your special place may be at risk.

Renee Wilson, science translator for Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve describes how citizens helped to establish this special sanctuary in Southwest Florida.

Renee Wilson:

"Many of the local residents around the 1950s and 60s had grown up here...this place was very special to them. And when they heard of the possibility that Naples area may become like Miami, which had already experienced a tremendous amount of growth at that point, people got a little worried and decided that they wanted to take a stand to protect this special place."

Narrator:

Concerned citizens in southwest Florida organized meetings, raised money to purchase land, and worked with the state to form a Reserve. The Rookery Bay Reserve now encompasses 110,000 acres on the western edge of the Everglades.

Protect natural places in the Gulf region by donating property to be preserved, informing yourself as a voter, and joining community organizations.

Narrator:

Did you know that only the first inch of rainfall transports the majority of pollutants into local streams and rivers? To prevent rainwater runoff along the Gulf Coast, consider adding a rain garden or rain barrel to your home landscape.

A rain garden is an area planted with water-tolerant plants, designed to capture rain water. According to Earth Gauge, the environmental information service, rain gardens allow 30 percent more of the water from rain storms to soak into the ground. This prevents that water from running off into the street, ditch or storm drain and ultimately into the Gulf of Mexico. Choose native plants to store more water and to prevent excess fertilization.

Rain barrels make excellent additions to your rain garden. Just connect the downspout of your gutters to a 60-gallon barrel and install a spigot near the bottom of the barrel. Hook your hose to the spigot and use the rainwater for irrigation or washing your car. Contact your local extension office for specific instructions. Be sure to check with your neighborhood association for rules on rain garden and rain barrel locations and appearances.

Narrator:

Along the Gulf Coast, hurricanes can cause severe damage. Sometimes, families must leave their homes to avoid dangerous winds and flooding. Always follow evacuation warnings from local officials. The best thing you can do to prepare for a hurricane evacuation is to have a plan for your home or business!

First, designate an evacuation route that is clearly marked and easy to follow. Plan to drive to the nearest shelter or friend’s home outside of the threatened area. Identify a meeting place, such as a local church, in case the family is separated.

Next, choose an out-of-state friend for family members to call. Write down this family contact number and other important numbers on a family emergency card. Give a copy of the card to each family member.

If you have pets, find out if shelters in your area will take them. If not, find the closest hotel that will accommodate your family and furry friends.

Narrator:

Estuaries (EST-chew-aries) are special places where freshwater rivers meet the salty sea. Comprised of bays and lagoons, estuaries are important nurseries for young marine life. In fact, most of the fish and shellfish caught in the Gulf of Mexico need healthy estuaries to survive.

Because estuaries are so important, many are protected. The National Estuarine Research Reserve system protects over one million acres of estuaries across the United States. 27 estuarine (EST-chew-reen) sites are managed cooperatively by the coastal states and the National Oceanic (O-shee-an-ic) and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA. National Estuarine Research Reserves are set aside for research, education, and stewardship. Did you know these Estuarine Reserves offer some of the best fishing, shelling, and bird watching along the Gulf Coast?

In Southwest Florida, Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve protects a pristine, subtropical mangrove estuary. More information about this local treasure can be found online at rookery bay dot org.

Get involved! Learn about your local Estuarine Research Reserve. Volunteer for the annual National Estuaries Day, celebrated the last Saturday every September.

Narrator:

Did you know that in a typical house, about 20 percent of the air moving through the air conditioning duct system is lost? Leaks, holes, and poor connections cause you to pay more on your energy bills. Losing cool air also makes it difficult to keep your house comfortable, no matter how you set the thermostat.

Earth Gauge, the environmental information service, suggests improving your air conditioning duct performance by following these simple steps. Start by sealing air leaks using mastic sealant or metal-backed tape. Avoid using old-style gray duct tape, since that tape can fall off in a few years. Insulate all the air ducts you can access. It is especially important to insulate ductwork in the warmest parts of your home, such as your attic, garage, and crawlspaces. Make sure that air ducts are well connected and properly sealed where they attach to vents and registers in your walls and ceiling.

Stay cool along the Gulf Coast this year. Check your ducts to save money, to save energy, and to be a responsible Gulf Coast citizen.

Narrator:

Barrier islands are formations of sand and shell that exist along the Gulf Coast. These islands help protect coastal communities from damaging winds and waves. Barrier islands also provide habitat for many species of plants and animals. For example, Sanibel Island near Fort Myers, is home to 6,000 people as well as roseate spoonbills, peregrine falcons, loggerhead turtles, and the West Indian Manatee.

Are there any barrier islands in your back yard? Along Florida’s Gulf Coast, residents enjoy Keewaydin Island, near Naples; Treasure Island, near Tampa Bay; and St. George Island, near Apalachicola (AP-ah-lach-ih-cola). Barrier islands are popular places for economic development and recreation, but are also vulnerable to human impact.

When visiting a barrier island, share the shore with sea turtles and shorebirds. Avoid any nesting areas and leave your pets at home if possible. Do your part to be a good steward by staying out of closed areas, and picking up any trash you may find.

Enjoy and protect our Gulf Coast barrier islands. Healthy barrier islands means a healthy economy and environment for the Gulf coast.

Narrator:

Did you know trees can cool your home? In fact, one young, healthy tree has a cooling effect of ten room-size air conditioners! Placing trees around buildings and homes can reduce air conditioning needs by up to thirty percent!

Earth Gauge, the environmental information service, reminds Gulf coast residents that fall is the ideal tree planting time. If you plant now, trees can maximize their root growth during winter months. Choose broad leaf trees - not pines - to provide the most amount of shade. Your local garden center or university cooperative extension office can help choose the right trees for your yard.

Once you plant your trees, add two to three inches of mulch. Keep the mulch away from the bark to prevent excessive dampness and mold. Mulch reduces soil erosion, suppresses weeds and conserves moisture. Eventually, organic mulch will add nutrients to your soil, preventing the need for costly fertilization.

Remember that trees make our landscape more beautiful and remove pollutants from the air. Plant trees this fall to reduce your energy bills and to protect Florida’s fragile coastal environments.

Narrator:

Extremely high tides, currents and wave action are common hurricane hazards. But, did you know that over half the hurricanes that reach land generate at least one tornado? In fact, tornadoes can occur several days after a hurricane makes landfall. Although tornadoes are often accompanied by hail and lightning in other parts of the country, they may lack these important "clues" along the Gulf Coast. Gulf Coast residents must always be prepared for tornadoes, in addition to hurricanes.

Have an emergency plan before a tornado strikes. The environmental information service Earth Gauge reminds all coastal residents to be prepared. Make sure to identify a tornado proof room at home. This room should be small, on the lowest floor of the building, and away from windows. If you find yourself in need of immediate tornado shelter, go to an interior hallway or get under heavy furniture.

Monitor your local media for warnings and weather information. Keep a battery powered radio in case of a power outage. Remember: living along Florida’s Gulf Coast comes with extra responsibility. Listen for tornado warnings and be prepared to keep your family safe.

Narrator:

Motor boats are a lot of fun, but when poorly maintained they can cause problems for marine life. In fact, just one quart of dumped oil or gas can pollute 250,000 gallons of water. Fuel, oil, grease, and lubricants used to maintain and clean boats contain petroleum, and sometimes other toxins and metals. When these ingredients fall to the sea floor they can be ingested by small animals like crabs. If fish or birds eat these crabs, they become infected with toxins too.

Responsible boaters can take steps to protect the Gulf of Mexico, our local waterways, and valuable fisheries. Earth Gauge, the environmental information service, encourages Gulf Coast residents to clean boats out-of and away-from local waters. Choose a designated "Clean Marina" or boat yard with a boat cleaning area. Use water-friendly and biodegradable detergents that are safe for marine life.

Keep the Gulf healthy and protect your investment by making sure your boat is properly cleaned and maintained.

To be a designated Clean Boater, or to find and support a Clean Marina, contact the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and sign its Clean Boater Pledge.

Narrator:

During a red tide event, beach-goers can experience coughing, sneezing and itchy eyes. Red tide is a higher-than-normal concentration of a microscopic organism called "Karenia brevis." (Kah-WREN-ee-ah brev-is) Like a plant, karenia brevis sometimes grows quickly into an algal bloom that is carried by winds to the seashore.

People with asthma and other respiratory conditions are most at risk from red tide. They can experience prolonged breathing difficulties after exposure. People with healthy immune systems usually only experience temporary irritation. If you experience red tide symptoms, leave the beach immediately and seek air conditioning.

The toxic aerosol of red tide also affects many marine species, including manatees, turtles, sea birds and shellfish. Do not consume shellfish that was harvested from red tide infected areas. Pay close attention to shellfish advisories, but keep in mind all shellfish purchased from restaurants and grocery stores are safe to consume during a red tide event.

Be prepared for red tide. In Southwest Florida, find current beach and red tide conditions online at www.mote.org/beaches.

Narrator:

The white sand beaches, excellent seafood restaurants, and warm weather found along the Gulf of Mexico make the Gulf Coast a popular destination. Tourism and recreation fuel the region’s economy and the nation’s economy. In fact, over 620,000 jobs yield over 9 billion dollars in wages each year around the Gulf of Mexico.

Did you know that of the five Gulf States, Florida is the leader in providing tourism-related jobs?

What are your favorite Florida destinations? Panama City Beach in the summer? Cedar Key in the spring, or Marco Island in the winter? Whether you are fly-fishing shallow-water flats or perusing local art fairs for the perfect painting, your restaurant and hotel choices affect Florida’s economy and the natural environment.

Enjoy Florida’s Gulf Coast this year. As you travel to Florida destinations, look for "Green Lodging" designated hotels. They all have programs for saving water and energy. Also, find local restaurants that serve fresh Gulf seafood. Select Certified "Clean Marinas" for fueling your boat.

Narrator:

If you travel 150 miles west of the South Florida coast, you will find the underwater feature called the Pulley Ridge. This spectacular series of drowned barrier islands hosts a thriving coral reef community. Pulley Ridge is home to a variety of iridescent corals; red, green, and brown leaf-like algae, and thousands of colorful tropical fishes. Pulley Ridge is likely the deepest coral reef in the United States.

Florida is the only U.S. state in the Gulf of Mexico to boast extensive coral reef formations so near to its coasts. The most productive of these are shallow reef communities near the Florida Keys. Over 6,000 shallow reefs can be found between Key Biscayne, near Miami, and the Dry Tortugas near Key West.

In addition to their beauty and diversity, coral reefs serve as natural breakwaters, defending coastal communities from storm driven waves. Coral reefs also fuel the Gulf Coast economy by attracting divers and fishermen who spend money at local businesses.

Keep reefs by obeying fishing regulations and by never standing on fragile corals.

Narrator:

Did you know manatees spend their winters in south Florida? Like many vacationing tourists, endangered West Indian Manatees head south to a warmer climate for the winter months. Despite their hefty appearance, these gentle giants have only one inch of fat to insulate them from cold water temperatures! Manatees rely on warm, shallow waters or natural springs to survive the winter. According to the environmental information service Earth Gauge, manatees can die of hypothermia when water temperatures drop below 68 degrees.

Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge, about 75 miles north of St. Petersburg, Florida, is a choice wintering spot for manatees, providing warm water and plenty of food. Whether in Crystal River or Tampa Bay, manatees graze in shallow seagrass beds, eating over 100 pounds of aquatic plants per day!

These 2,000 pound peaceful creatures are present in coastal areas also popular with boaters. Manatees can be injured by boat collisions, so please watch for them this winter. Wear polarized sunglasses to see beneath the water’s surface and always go slow in shallow water to avoid harming manatees.

Narrator:

Escape into a mangrove forest this weekend to feel like you are a million miles away. A canoe or kayak adventure can help you experience the "real" Florida.

Listen to the light splash of paddles. Watch the waters part as a manatee surfaces. Follow a paddling trail through a watery maze of mangrove tunnels, oyster beds and islands covered with colorful birds. Canoe and kayak trails are designed to provide quiet enjoyment and up-close wildlife observation. Aquatic trails are a great way to experience South Florida’s Gulf Coast.

An increasing number of studies reveal that getting outdoors into the wilderness also results in numerous health benefits. In fact, paddling a canoe or kayak is one of the best ways to strengthen the body’s core. Paddling builds abdominal and back muscles, and can also enhance cardiovascular health.

Treat yourself this weekend. Explore a canoe or kayak trail along the Gulf Coast. Be sure to pick up a map or trail guide before heading out into this magical wilderness.

Narrator:

Air quality is a concern of many Gulf Coast residents, especially in larger city centers. Air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, are released from cars and react with heat and sunlight. Nitrogen oxides, and other volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, create ground-level ozone pollution. Harmful ozone can irritate our airways, and worsen lung conditions such as bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Smog and ground level ozone pollution increase when traffic congestion worsens.

Using alternative transportation is one way to help improve air quality in coastal cities. Taking the bus, carpooling, or biking are all good alternatives to driving yourself.

To protect Gulf Coast air quality, the environmental information service Earth Gauge suggests giving these tips a try: Combine trips: drive fewer miles by planning your errands. Carpool: Share a ride with two other people twice per week. Try biking to work: Research shows that when parking and traffic delays are considered, a three-mile trip can be covered just as quickly on a bike as in your car.

Narrator:

Did you know that five of the world’s seven species of sea turtles live in the Gulf of Mexico? Leatherback, loggerhead, green, Kemp’s ridley, and hawksbill turtles can all be found in Gulf waters or along Gulf Coast beaches.

The leatherback is the largest living turtle, growing to 8 feet long and weighing up to 1,400 pounds. It is also the only turtle that does not have a hard shell. Instead, it has a leathery "carapace", or protective cover.

Loggerhead turtles are smaller than leatherbacks, and have reddish brown shells. All sea turtles are classified as endangered or threatened, including the loggerhead, which nests most commonly in South Florida.

Leatherbacks and loggerhead sea turtles eat jelly fish. Unfortunately, turtles sometimes mistake floating plastic bags for jelly fish. Eating just one plastic bag can be fatal to these large, majestic reptiles. Help protect sea turtles by picking up plastic bags on the beach and in the water, and disposing of them properly.

Narrator:

Florida’s coastlines are constantly changing. Sometimes described as a "river of sand," Florida’s Gulf of Mexico beaches and barrier islands usually move north and south along the coast. They shift as wind, waves, tropical storms, and human development occur. While often a natural process, this erosion can cause long-term losses of beaches and dunes.

Coastal erosion is a concern for those who love Florida’s beaches. Beaches are essential to tourism, and to the growing number of people who choose to live along the coast. According to the environmental information service Earth Gauge, beaches that retain vegetation associated with sand dunes are more resistant to coastal erosion. Dunes act as flexible barriers that absorb wind and wave action, protecting homes and roads from devastating storms.

Florida’s coastlines can be stabilized with native plants found in sand dunes because their roots help keep the sand in place. Sea oats, sea grapes, and beach sunflowers stabilize the coastline by slowing erosion and preserving the fragile dune environment. Help create a "living shoreline" by planting or protecting native plants in your Gulf Coast community.

Narrator:

The intertidal zone is the area along the shoreline between the highest and the lowest tide. This small sea strand is only a fraction of the area of the Gulf of Mexico, yet crucial for the survival of many Gulf species. Rich in nutrients, the intertidal zone is exposed to air and direct sunlight at low tide. At high tide, it is submerged by water and impacted by waves.

"Fiddler crabs" are an example of a specially adapted species that lives in the intertidal zone. They can be found running sideways along tidal marshes and beaches. Males attract females with one oversized "fiddle-shaped" claw which they wave in the air. During high tides, fiddler crabs bury themselves deep in the sand, awaiting the next low tide to feed or mate.

When you visit the Gulf Coast, look for animals that depend on the intertidal zone. Care for these creatures by obeying rules that protect this unusual habitat. Avoid closed areas, and properly dispose of trash or used fishing line to keep intertidal zones safe for marine life.

Narrator:

Did you know Florida is one of the premier fishing destinations in the United States? Florida’s diversity of fish species and year-round fishing weather make it a popular destination for millions of anglers each year. The wide range of fish species is supported by a variety of habitats, including salt marshes, seagrasses, mangroves, and over a dozen estuary systems.

The common snook is adapted to both fresh and saltwater, and is one of Florida’s most popular gamefish. Known by anglers as aquatic gladiators, snook are considered the ultimate challenge. Another exciting catch is the Tarpon. Often exceeding 200 pounds, tarpon leap wildly into the air when caught on a hook. Fishing for tarpon in Florida’s backwaters is one of the most memorable experiences for many visiting anglers.

In an effort to preserve the most sought-after species, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, or FWC, encourages anglers to diversify their catch by targeting different species. Anglers must observe FWC fishing regulations, usually found at local bait and tackle shops. Anglers should also practice proper catch and release techniques to protect Florida’s fisheries.

Narrator:

Coastal wetlands are vital to the health of Florida’s environment. They perform the same function for the ecosystem that kidneys do for our bodies, filtering and removing pollutants. A wetland is defined as an area where the water level fluctuates. Some wetlands may be dry for long periods of time, but after heavy rains, they then contain several feet of water.

As water passes through a wetland, many contaminants are trapped and taken up by wetland plants and soils. Some pollutants, which would otherwise spoil surface waters, can be converted into food material for aquatic plants and animals. Wetlands’ ability to filter rainfall and runoff helps to keep our surface waters fit for swimming, fishing, and even drinking.

Although wetlands are good at filtering pollutants, they do have limits. Runoff from yards and streets containing oils, greases, and heavy metals can be harmful to wetlands. To protect Florida’s coastal wetlands, avoid pouring used motor oil or grease down storm drains, which can flow directly to coastal waterways and wetlands. Properly maintain your vehicle to minimize oil leaks and heavy metal runoff.

Narrator:

The Gulf of Mexico Alliance is a partnership of the five U.S. Gulf states. Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida work collaboratively to enhance the health of the Gulf, creating a model for regional ocean governance. In the year 2005, all U.S. Gulf Coast governors signed into action the first 3-year plan to guide the work of the Alliance. The Alliance Plan is based on a concept called ecosystem management, allowing scientists and decision makers to reach beyond state borders, sharing data and Gulf-wide monitoring programs.

Bays, estuaries, mangrove swamps and deepwater corals all contribute to the ecological and economic health of the Gulf. Killer whales and manatees make their homes in the Gulf of Mexico’s diverse habitats. Special Gulf of Mexico Alliance teams focus on priority issues to protect these habitats. Partnering with federal agencies and Mexico, priority issue teams now share successful programs that benefit the ecology and economy of the region as a whole.

Contact the Gulf of Mexico Alliance for the latest news and to find out how you can get involved.

Narrator:

Several thousand years ago, powerful currents in the Gulf of Mexico carrying sand and driftwood helped form Padre Island, on the south tip of Texas. Today, Gulf currents continue to transport natural objects to this designated National Seashore. Unfortunately, Gulf Currents also carry anything that is thrown or emptied into the Gulf, including bottles, light bulbs, children’s toys, and oil. Every year, volunteers pick up over 150 tons of trash deposited along the 65-mile long shoreline of Padre Island.

This trash and debris is carried to Texas by southeast winds and the Gulf Loop Current. The Loop Current travels clockwise around the Gulf of Mexico. It moves north toward Mississippi and Louisiana, south along Florida’s Gulf coast, and exits through the Straits of Florida to the Atlantic Ocean.

An international treaty limits the dumping of wastes into the Gulf of Mexico, but responsibility for protecting this national treasure is shared by all coastal residents. Earth Gauge, the environmental information service, advises residents to keep the Gulf clean by disposing of trash properly and picking up trash on the beach.

Narrator:

The Mississippi River is a crucial source of fresh water for estuaries around the Gulf of Mexico. Typically, the Mississippi River and others are fed by local waterways and storm sewers, which often carry fertilizers, cleaning detergents, and other sources of nutrients. Many of these pollutants originate on city streets or in residential areas, then flow down stream into fragile estuarine ecosystems.

When river water is high in nutrients it can lead to algal blooms that result in large die-offs of marine life. The Mississippi River drainage basin is the largest watershed in North America. 41 percent of the United States’ drainage flows into the Gulf of Mexico. The nutrients and pollutants in the Mississippi River have created a massive "dead zone", or an area void of life, in the Gulf between Texas and Louisiana.

Residents across the United States can help keep the Gulf of Mexico healthy by following these tips: Follow instructions on fertilizer labels before applying nutrients to your landscape. Make sure grasses and lawn clippings do not end up in storm drains. Use phosphate free soaps and detergents when possible.